Biological Psychology The Brain And Nervous System Essay

1. Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including: Parkinson s Disease, Alzheimer s Disease, Clinical depression, Schizophrenia and a lot others. Humans have very complex nervous system, they use neurons and neurotransmitters to make the highest active communication network throughout the body. â€Å"most of the body’s neurons are found in the central nervous system(CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord† (psychology 5th edition). â€Å"Neuroscience em phasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. (Van Horn, 2014; Zhao others, 2014). Therefore, for biological psychologist all that is psychological is first physiological. All thoughts, feeling behavior ultimately have a biological cause.† We are benefited from biological approach for diagnosing and treating human brains Ex. Schizophrenia. Scientists are also able to create medications for different types of illnesses. Besides having psychologistsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Understanding Consciousness1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof physiological psychology, the relationship between the human nervous system and behavior, and an evaluation of historical figures in the field of physiological psychology The Biopsychological Approach to Understanding Consciousness The process of understanding awareness can be complex. Understanding that there are different spectrums of consciousness and that each type represents different principles is the best approach to understanding awareness. As the endocrine system regulates hormonesRead MoreBiological Psychology : The Biological Bases Of Psychological Processes, Behavior, And Learning1722 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Psychology is defined as a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning. Social Psychology is defined as the scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Looking at both aspects of psychology we see many similarities as well as major differences. Some function go hand in hand while others could never be more different. The biologicalRead MoreThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Essay991 Words   |  4 Page sThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Ashley B. McVey Cecil College Abstract Whether it is the study of biopsychology and other fields of psychology or neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. Most all psychological functioning can be reduced to underlying brain processes. This should serve as reason alone as to why biology plays anRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY PAPER Foundations of Psychology Paper PSY/300 November 7, 2011 Betsy Ferronato Foundations of Psychology Paper * This paper will discuss the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying assumptions. The paper will also identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. According to our reading in psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior. Mental processesRead MorePsychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Its Behaviors1625 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, Psychology is â€Å"the scientific study of the human mind and its behaviours†. However, originally, Psychology did not begin as a science. The subject of Psychology began in 1879 when the first experimental laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt. Since its establishment, Psychology has progressed into a world-renowned academic discipline with the formation of the first American experimental lab in 1883 and the first doctorate in 1886 which was presented to Joseph Jastrow, who became aRead MoreExplain How Neurons Transmit Information Our Knowledge of the Nuerons Helps Us to Understand Human Behaviour1109 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge of the neurons function helps us to understand human behaviour.’ Discuss. The relationship between biology and psychology is a ‘give-and-take’, shared relationship where one can be used to explain and provide insight into the other, as both are related to the physical body and the mind. For that reason biology holds a much significant and important role in the study of psychology. One of the main areas of psychological studies is the mind therefore this essay aims to explain the biology of howRead MoreThe Usefulness Of Animal Models1052 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of animal models in relation to the brain and behaviour of humans has played a significant role in understanding many aspects of the human psychobiology, and ‘much of what we know about the relationships among anatomy, physiology, and behaviour has come from animal research’ (American Psychological Association, no date:online). Research on animal models ranges from simple behaviour observation to more invasive procedures such as the extraction of brain chemicals. However, ‘the use of animalsRead MoreEssay Main Theories of Each School of Psychology1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe four major Schools in psychology are Behaviourism, cognitive, psychoanalytic and biological. Many different psychologists have different assumptions and ideas about the way in which psychology developed. And the main theories of each school of psychology, will be developed further in this essay. Behaviourism was firstly introduced by John B Watson and started around 1913. It is the idea that all behaviours are learnt, and humans are subject to stimulus and response. It also suggests thatRead MoreThe Contribution of a Biological Perspective to our Understanding of Behaviour996 Words   |  4 PagesContribution of a Biological Perspective to our Understanding of Behaviour The importance of Biology within the field of psychology has been and continues to be widely debated. Some scientists such as Francis Crick, believe that explanations for psychological differences can only be found by the means of studying the biology of the brain and genes, this belief is known as reductionism. However most psychologists now believe that biology and psychology go hand inRead MoreBiological Psychology966 Words   |  4 Pages1. Individual Assignment: Biological Psychology Paper †¢ Resources: Assigned readings, Electronic Reserve Readings, the Internet, and/or other sources †¢ Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze biological psychology. Be sure to address the following items in your analysis: o Define biological psychology and examine its historical development. o Identify three influential theorists associated with biological psychology. o Describe the relationship

Morality of Population Control of Bangladesh Essay

Morality of Population Control of Bangladesh ABSTRACT: The rapid rate of population growth in the last half of the present century causes anxiety about the future of humanity because the amount of resources needed to satisfy basic necessities is extremely large. Correspondingly, the satisfaction of basic needs cannot be the sole criterion of the good life. Human beings have a right to live a life composed of things that make life go best. The case of Bangladesh shows that the majority of people live a life barely worth living, a life morally undesirable. One major reason is the rapid increase in population. Bangladesh covers an area slightly less than that of the state of Illinois, but has a population that is roughly half of the†¦show more content†¦The per capita GNP is US$ 283 and electricity consumption rate is 90 kwh, infant mortality rate is 81.8 per housand, life expectation at birth is 56 years, literacy rate is 37% there is only one telephone per 380 people — these data indicate that Bangladesh is far b ehind the developed countries in respect of the physical quality of life. One of the main reasons of this bleak picutre of Bangladesh is its inability to keep the number of people within tolerable limits. In this condition it is not desirable that people will knowingly produce children who would most likely live a life not worthy of living — a life so miserable that it would be better not having been born at all. Narveson thinks that unhappiness that a prospective person will experience constitutes a moral reason not to bring her or him (2) into existence while happiness which she or he is likely to experience if born provides no moral reason to produce her or him. Morality seeks to promote good and avoid harm or prevent suffering. Not harming people takes moral preference than benefitting them. A moral justification, therefore, exists to avoid conception so that a probable child would not be in abject poverty or suffer any form of adversities. The condition of Bangladesh indicates that the individual or people who will come into existence in future will very likely experience abject poverty orShow MoreRelatedAdministrative Corruption Is Now A Buzzword For The Current Era Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesprivate organisation untrustworthy and increase nullification negligence and in society. Corruption has been the problem belonging ever since from the human civilisation.Corruption is not a ne w phenomenon Bangladesh. It got heavily engaged with the administrative and socio ­political system of Bangladesh. The word Corruption came from the Latin word Rum ­pere which means breaking.†According to the words expression corruption occurs when something (rules,ethics,behavior,norm) is broken†(Mousavi pourkianiRead MoreAnalysis Of Peter Singer s Argument On Famine, Affluence, And Morality Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesI’m a strong believer in that anyone can make their own choices in life. There is no such thing as â€Å"moral obligation† in my books, however there does exist â€Å"courtesy† or â€Å"kind-heartedness.† Peter Singer’s argument regarding famine, affluence, and morality is, in my opinion, strongly influenced by sympathetic and empathetic feelings based on observations in a still developing country. In a sense, his reasoning is subjective and biased because he seems to focus only on the problem, and not the circumstancesRead MoreFood Adultration1554 Words   |  7 PagesAdulterated Food is food that is generally unsafe, impure and toxic. Causes behind Food Adulteration A section of dishonest businessmen is engaged in this illegal practice to make windfall profit. When profit in business is more important than morality, then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the foods and beverages. They are making food items attractive by using chemical to draw consumer in good numbers. Chemical substances or adulterants may be added to reduce manufacturing costsRead MoreReport on Food Adultery in Bangladesh4031 Words   |  17 Pagesbe contained within food and beverages. Chemical substances or simply adulterants may be internationally added to substances to reduce manufacturing costs, or for some deceptive or malicious purpose. When profit in business is more important than morality, then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the foods and beverages. Food adulteration, a clear violation of human rights, has crossed all limits now-a-days, as drive against this menace is neither effective nor regular in the country.Read MoreGlobalization and the Exploitation of Third World Women Essay2404 Words   |  10 Pagesnations, which we will further examine in the two countries – Bangladesh and Kenya. In this paper, Globalization is defined as â€Å"a complex economic, political, cultural, and geographic process in which the mobility of capital, organizations, ideas, discourses, and people has taken a global or transnational form (Valentine Moghadam 1999). Globalization has more negative effects on women in third world countries such as Kenya and Bangladesh. Corporations hire people in the third world countries, dueRead MoreHow Much Would You Sell For?1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. The most common forms of human ex ploitation are sexual and labour. This has become a universal issue, leaving no nation unaffected by trafficking in some way. Not only is it a growing multibillionRead MoreDemocracy and Political Culture in Bangladesh.5176 Words   |  21 PagesPolitical Democracy: 4 Objectives of the study: 6 a) Broad objectives 6 b) Specific objectives: 6 Political Democracy in Bangladesh: An overview 6 Bangladesh: a democracy in crisis 8 Democracy vs. Corruption 8 Security vs. economic progress 9 Impunity vs. the rule of law 10 Present features of Bangladesh Democracy: 10 1) Lack of political morality: 10 2) Absence of strong civil society 10 3) Absence of strong political leadership: 11 4) Confrontational politics 11Read MoreIndian Emperor Ashoka And Chinese Emperor Shi Huangdi1557 Words   |  7 PagesPataliputa, the reach of his power spread from Kabul to modern day Bangladesh to the city of Madras. The Mauryan Empire is known for its ability to unite the Indian subcontinent. The prominent empire was founded by Chandragupta, Ashoka’s grandfather, with the help of his intelligent political advisor, Kautilya. Legend has it, after the death of his father, Ashoka had to murder his older brothers in order to become the ruler. Ashoka took control of the throne and turned the already great empire into a diverseRead MoreGlobalization Is A Form Of A New Market1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthis development. Inexpensive labor sources, countless potential business partners, and a larger pool of potential customers have drastically increased profits for Western corporations. However, with these benefits many have come to question the morality of this form of business. Many have cited these advantages as being extremely one-sided and believe that a globalized market is simply a form of neo-imperialism. As a result, business has become a balancing act with leaders of the economy expectedRead MoreAldous Huxley view on technology1206 Words   |  5 Pagesabout before it happened made him a perfect candidate of those hermetic societies. This imagined society would used genetics and cloning in order to condition and control individuals. In this future society all children are conceived in test tubes. They are genetically conditioned to belong to one of the five categories of populations, from the most intelligent to the dumbest. The individuals living in this society are slaves without knowing it and would never dream of escaping. This system of slavery

Raccoon Hunting Sample Essay Example For Students

Raccoon Hunting Sample Essay One of my greatest escapade would hold to of been when I went coon hunting with some friends. It was a beautiful Saturday eventide when I got the call. I didn’t cognize what to state at first but in the terminal I knew it was traveling to be a good thought. I decided to travel along with them I got my limelight and my. 22 lever action and I was ready to travel. When I got to their house they weren’t even ready to travel. they were playing Madden 13 and didn’t expression like they were traveling anyplace shortly. After an hr of atrocious calls ( must hold been replacement refs ) . a instance of mountain dew. and a box of pizza we were ready to travel. As we headed out of town we saw a monolithic vaulting horse easy 26in broad and at least a 6 by 6. We truly wished it was cervid season because. we would hold shot him. but unhappily it wasn’t. So we continued down this route trusting we’d topographic point a raccoon running in the ditch alongside a mai ze field when all of a sudden a Wisconsinite came out. We swerved and missed him but that Wisconsinite was huffy. He tried to trail our pickup down but we went to fast for him. After the Wisconsinite we decided to travel on a different route someplace out in the center of nowhere where cipher lived and had no farm animal we could ache. We found this old house that was run down. I knew the cat that owned it so I called him and asked him if we could run on his land for some coons and he said certain. but don’t interruption anything. So. we got out of the pickup. adrenaline pumping. ready to travel happen some coons. We smelled the fresh autumn air. heard the sounds of the air current rustling through the trees. and we knew it was traveling to be a good dark. We foremost tried the old barn when we opened the door we stopped and listened for a 2nd. all we heard was the sound of nails rubing on the old boards. We looked left. we looked right ; we looked up. and saw nil. Then one of my friends felt something rage on his cervix. he went up to catch it and it hissed at him. He approximately had to travel back to town and acquire a new brace of bloomerss. because what he grabbed was a coons tail. We were all so startled that alternatively of hiting it we merely watched the coon ascent up through the ceiling into the hay loft. After doing certain that the bottom floor was cleared and didn’t have any coons in it we decided it was clip to travel up and into the hay loft. We were all excited. we drew straws to see who would travel up foremost and certainly enough it was me. My friend behind me had the topographic point visible radiation and was ready to reflect it one time I got up. So. I ran up the stairss gun at the ready and my friend popped the topographic point light up and certain plenty there was at least a twelve raccoons merely sitting at that place looking at us. â€Å"Holy cow I have neer seen so many raccoons before! † â€Å"How m any are at that place? † asked Bob â€Å"At least a dozen† I answeredâ€Å"Stop lolly muzzling and hit them! ! † yelled Jim who was the last one to come up the stepss â€Å"I don’t know which one to hit at first! † I answered â€Å"Doesn’t affair merely shoot at one of them or acquire out of the manner so the remainder of us can come up and assist! † hollered Jim. â€Å"Ok here we go! † I hollered and opened fire on them. .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .postImageUrl , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:hover , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:visited , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:active { border:0!important; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:active , .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58 .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc59dd2254b79d67d25e208eef6d0a58:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drexel Music Program EssayAfter a five minute shoot out we got all the raccoons and were out of ammunition. so we merely called it a dark. Later that dark I don’t think any of us got a blink of an eye of slumber because of all the epinephrine running through us and the amazing narrative we had to state to our other friends and households.

NAFTA Essays (563 words) - Human Resource Management,

NAFTA If NAFTA made this agreement, people would be able to move about Canada, the United States, and Mexico with ease. The unskilled workers in Mexico would migrate to "El Norte," looking for higher paying jobs. The supply of workers in Mexico will drastically decrease. Only the terminally ignorant, or those with families in Mexico, would stay in a poor country and earn low wages. On the other hand, the United States' supply of workers will increase drastically. Canada's supply of workers would not be changed dramatically, because it is so similar to the United States, only further away. The amount of workers moving from Canada to the United States and vice versa would not be severely affected, however, if the United States' supply of workers becomes too great then workers might migrate north to Canada to find jobs. High school economics teachers would be able to work in any of the three countries, as the same basic knowledge of economics is required. I think teachers in Mexico would choose to move to the United States or Canada, if they were proficient in the native language, because the wages would be much more gratifying. The supply of economics teachers in the US and Canada would increase, thereby slightly decreasing the wages. Mexico's supply of economics teachers would drop, so the wages for economics teachers would slightly increase. Equilibrium wages for economics teachers will remain about the same, and employment will be high. For carpenters, again, I think the wages in the north would be higher. Because carpentry does not involve extensive education and focuses on the talent and skill of carpenters, workers would be able to easily move to another country. If all of the carpenters in Mexico decide to "run for the border," the supply of carpenters in the US and Canada will drastically increase. Wages will increase for skilled carpenters in Mexico, and wages in the US and Canada will fall slightly. If too many Mexicans move to the north there will be high unemployment, because we will have a ton of skilled workers and not enough jobs to fulfill their needs. People will eventually want to return to Mexico, because with the supply of skilled workers being so low, the wages will be slightly higher. For ob/gyns, I would think the United States or Canada would be the destination of choice, simply because our health care is much more advanced. In any of the countries, however, the pay will be significant because of wage differentials. They will ultimately make up for all of the years of schooling by receiving high wages. For fast-food workers, the supply will increase in the US due to the unskilled workers from Mexico who try to get these jobs. Demand for workers in the fast-food industry will go down, because there are plenty of unskilled workers. Demand for the labor will decrease as well, because the supply of labor is so great. Newspaper reporters will most likely stay where they are. There is always going to be news to be reported, and the language barrier also plays a part. Most Mexican workers will want to move to the US or Canada because real wages are higher than those of Mexico. In the US and Canada, wages are higher because of better education, a more skilled workforce, larger stock of capital per worker, and the advantage of modern technology. Unskilled workers from Mexico might find themselves in the same position no matter which country they are in. They will be competing for low-paying minimum wage jobs, and there will be a plethora of unskilled workers.

Why You Should Get a Job in Marketing

Why You Should Get a Job in Marketing The movie you want to see this weekend? That’s the result of a marketing push. The celebrity â€Å"scandal† on TMZ? Marketing and spin. (Any mention is a good mention, right?) The products you buy, the company names you recognize†¦those are all the results of the hard work of marketers. Marketing is more important now than ever, with so many different forces competing for our attention, in-person and digitally. Marketers can be found in virtually every industry, working to make sure their brands are getting exposure.What Do Marketers Do?Marketers are â€Å"people† people, but they’re also data people. They take information about customers (demographics, spending power, needs and wants) and apply that to products and services to make them appealing to the potential customer base. Marketing professionals analyze the market’s demand for their company’s product or service, and turn that analysis into plans and strategies to promote directly to people. They process information about the industry, and come up with plans to make a brand more visible or appealing to those most likely to buy or use it.What Skills Do Marketers Have?Marketing professionals need to have a solid base of communication and problem solving skills, which are the two main components of most marketing jobs. But those aren’t the only ones- marketers are very professionally well-rounded. Here are some of the most important skills you’d need in a marketing career.Great CommunicationMarketers do lots of communicating every day, so it’s important to be able to speak clearly and personably with a variety of people. They need to be able to communicate strategies, plans, and results to people at all levels in their company. They need to be able to communicate with potential customers to sell a brand. They also need to be able to be storytellers, making it clear how strategy will turn into results.CreativityMarketing professionals need to be able to see the big picture, and make plans to achieve those bigger goals. That means often thinking outside of what’s been done before, and reaching out in new and innovative ways to build a brand.Problem SolvingWhat is marketing, if not finding ongoing solutions to the â€Å"problem† of selling a brand or product? Marketers need to be flexible to adapt to changes in the market, or react quickly to feedback from users.Time ManagementDeadlines are a fact of life for marketers. Plans often have concrete schedules that need to be met. For example, if a new product is launching in May, the marketers have to be working months ahead of schedule to plan, make connections, and set up events, outreach, advertising, etc. well ahead of that date. Marketers also need to be able to respond quickly. If there’s a trend to be capitalized on right now, waiting a month could be far too late.A Love for PeopleBeing a people person really helps in this career path, because itâ €™s all about making connections and getting people on board. Being outgoing isn’t a prerequisite for the job, but it definitely helps.Public SpeakingMarketing is often about presenting: plans, strategies, products, ideas, results, successes, areas for improvement, and- last but not least- yourself. Marketers are often speaking in public, whether it’s in meetings or interacting with the public in general. If you’re not great at public speaking, don’t despair- this is a skill you can work on all the time, whether it’s taking classes in public speaking, or making more of an effort to move out of your comfort zone while in groups.Attention to DetailMarketers need to know the ins and outs of what they’re selling, and to whom they’re selling it. Gaps in knowledge, or cutting corners can mean serious missed opportunities, or worse, bad word of mouth for their brand.A Command of Social MediaSocial media especially has become a massive pa rt of marketing over the past ten years, and that won’t be slowing anytime soon. It’s crucial to know what the big social media trends are, as well as being tech-savvy in general, so that you’re using every possible tool to build your brand.Analytical ThinkingMarketers rely heavily on information, whether it’s scientific research, informal polls, or any kind of data, really. A good marketer needs to be able to take raw data (about users, product feedback, market trends, etc.) and transform it into action that will benefit their product.What Are the Marketing Career Paths?One of the best things about a career in marketing is how versatile it is- and how versatile it makes you. Let’s look at some of the potential career paths you’ll find in marketing.Brand ManagementBrand management means you’re responsible for the public image and response to a particular product. This is one of the most common marketing careers, and probably the one y ou think of first when you think â€Å"marketing.† A brand manager is responsible for monitoring how a product performs in the marketplace, analyzing data around the market and customers, and strategizing how to both maintain the brand and improve it.Example jobs: Marketing Manager, Brand Manager, Product Development ManagerThe Pay: This field has a median income of $124,850, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.The Education: Brand management marketing professionals typically have a Bachelor’s degree in marketing, business, or a related field.The Outlook: This field is definitely growing, as the market gets ever more crowded with products and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that this field will grow by at least 9% by 2024.Market ResearchIf you’ve always had a passion for stats and figures rather than salesmanship, this could be a great marketing career path for you. Market researchers take in all the data and information they can, and come up with a coherent picture of what the market truly looks like for their industry. They then come up with strategies about how to capitalize on that information, make a better product, and reach out to those customers.Example jobs: Market Research Analyst, Market AnalystThe Pay: This field has a median income of $62,150, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.The Education: Market researchers typically have a Bachelor’s degree in marketing, business, math, statistics, or a related field. Market research analysts at all levels should have strong math and analytical skills. Advanced market analysis positions may require a Master’s degree.The Outlook: We live in a data-driven society, and people who can wrangle that data effectively will be in very high demand. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that this field will grow by 19% by 2024, much faster than average job growth.AdvertisingOne of the most traditional marketing areas (think Mad Men), advertising is heavy on strategy, messaging, and planning. In advertising, you come up with plans for selling a product or service, then oversee that plan from its embryonic concept stages to execution. Advertising marketing jobs typically mean working with a squad of creative/artistic, business development, and sales teams to make sure the plan will work best for the product.Example jobs: Advertising Managers, Advertising Sales Director, Account Executives, Account Planners, Media Director, Media Coordinator, Media BuyersThe Pay: Along with marketing managers, advertising managers have a median income of $124,850, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.The Education: Advertising professionals typically have a Bachelor’s degree in marketing, business, or a related field. Backgrounds in sales or graphic design can be helpful in this field as well.The Outlook: Demand will be growing for people who can plan and execute advertising campaigns. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that this field wil l grow by at least 9% by 2024.Public RelationsFor better or worse, public relations professionals are the public face of a product, brand, company, etc. It can’t hurt to have nerves of steel and the ability to stay calm under pressure, because PR professionals are often the first line of defense when there’s any news- good or bad- buzzing around in public. Public relations people specialize in spinning public perceptions of a brand, and troubleshooting when things aren’t so great. (We’ve all seen PR peeps in action for politicians, celebrities, and companies that are in the news for one reason or another.) Public relations professionals are always there with a cohesive statement that supports their brand. Strong communication skills are absolutely essential for public relations jobs, because you speak for the brand.Example jobs: Account Coordinator, Media Coordinator, Public Relations Coordinator, Public Relations Consultant, Public Relations Assistant/As sociate, Public Relations SpecialistThe Pay: Public relations professionals make a median salary of $56,770 per year, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.The Education: Advertising professionals typically have a Bachelor’s degree in marketing, business, communications, English, journalism, or a related field.The Outlook: As long as there are brands and public entities, there will be public relations people needed to support them. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that this field will grow by at least 6% by 2024.Marketing is a great field because it has tons of opportunities right now, and is an area where you can really grow. It’s also flexible, meaning you can apply those skills in almost any industry. Whether you prefer being the one who analyzes data or the one who’s out there throwing (figurative) elbows to get attention for your brand, there’s a place in the marketing world for you.

Book Genres List of Book Genres with Examples, Word Counts, More

Book Genres List of Book Genres with Examples, Word Counts, More Book Genres: List of Book Genres with Examples, Word Counts, More As a writer (or author) knowing the different book genres is vital to your overall knowledge as a professional, and for your books success.Not only is labeling your genre correctly important butNot doing so can result in low book sales, negative book reviews on Amazon, and unsatisfied readers overall.When youre writing a book, the genre you write in is super important because it will dictate the different literary elements within your book.Heres a list of the different book genres:NOTE: We cover what you need to know about selling in your specific genre in all of our Self-Publishing Programs. Learn more about it hereKnowing Your Book Genres is ImportantAs an author, its important to know the differences in genres so youre well informed about what youre writing.Obviously, your audience may change from genre to genre.Not only that, but the rules for writing also vary depending on which genre you write in, which means youll have to understand them in order to get it right.How many book genres are there?There are more book genres than you might think. In this blog post, well cover 22 of them, however, there are upwards for 40 genres and even more if you count sub-genres for books.For example, you can have a book thats a dystopian fantasy novel.Dystopian and fantasy can be genres on their own but if you have a dystopian story that involves magic, your book will then have two genres.This is also important to keep in mind when you have subplots within a novel that might fall into a separate genre.Youll see this most often with romantic sub plots in broader genres like fantasy or sci-fi.What are the main book genres?There are such a large number of book genres that we cant cover them all in this post, though we will cover 22 of them for you.That being said, being familiar with the most common can help you identify which your book will fall under.These are the main book genres:FantasySci-FiMysteryThrillerRomanceWesternsDystopianContemporaryLets go into more detail with these and nonfiction book genres as well.List of Book Genres All Authors Should KnowIf youre looking to sharpen your knowledge as an author or are just trying to find which genre your book fits in specifically (perhaps to decide which Amazon categories to go after), weve got you covered.Here are 22 book genres, both fiction and nonfiction, to help you understand which is which and how you should label your novel.#1 FantasyFantasy encompasses a huge part of the book world. Its one of the most popular book genres out there- a personal favorite of mine to read and write.Fantasy is a genre thats identified by the use of magic within it.Overall, fantasy is the genre of possibility. You can write in a little magic, like Jenna Morecis The Saviors Champion or you can write a book where magic is the forefront of the plot, like with J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter.To take this a step further, lets look at the different categories within this genre that has more specific characteristics.Young Adul t Fantasy Genre:Young adult is typically meant for readers between the ages of 13-17. However, adults enjoy this category of writing just as much as teens.One thing to keep in mind when writing young adult fantasy is that the themes and messages within the literature will often revolve around teen-aged problems, like coming of age and exploration of identity.Average word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000 wordsAdult Fantasy Genre:When you think of adult fantasy, think Game of Thrones or Lord of the Rings versus Harry Potter or Children of Blood and Bone.The main plots or themes in adult fantasy will likely revolve around more grown issues like the difference between right and wrong, death, adult relationships, and more.Average word count for this book genre: 70,000 110,000Epic Fantasy Genre:An epic fantasy novel is characterizes by the overall lengthy and grandiose nature of its plot, characters, setting, or theme.Books that tend to call into this book genre are Game of Thro nes and Lord of the Rings, like we mentioned above. Most often, epic fantasies will also fall under fantasy adventures.Average word count for this book genre: 100,000 200,000 +#2 AdventureWriting a novel in the adventure category will require a trip, journey, or quest of some kind as the overall plot.Your average adventure novel often focuses on both the characters physical journey as well as the journey they go through as a person throughout the novel.Average word count for this book genre: 90,000 130,000Epic Adventure Genre:As stated above for an epic fantasy, any genre thats epic is characterized by the magnitude of the plot, character, or themes themselves.An example of an epic adventure novel is Moby Dick, which stands at about 190,000 words and 720 pages long.Average word count for this book genre: 120,000 200,000#3 RomanceRomance authors have one specific goal when it comes to their books: to make you fall in love with the characters just as much as the characters fall i n love with each other.In this book genre, the romance is the center point of the plot. The entire novel moves around the relationship, though other plot points may be present.A classic example of a romance novel is The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks.When used as a sub plot:Romance can also be used a subplot in many novels, and is, in fact, used quite often as a complementary element in books.When romance is used as a sub plot, the main plot does not have to do with the relationship but rather, is something completely different. The romance simply adds to the plot in order to increase conflict or intrigue.Average word count for this book genre: 70,000 100,000#4 ContemporaryThis book genre is among the most popular, though most writers arent sure of what this category even is.The contemporary book genre is simply books written in the current time period with most of the parts of the novel revolving around common issues in a characters life.But really, this genre is actually more of th e absence of a genre. You may have heard this genre lumped in with others, like Contemporary Fantasy or Contemporary Romance.The term is used to tell readers that this book takes place in current times, though it might cover other genres as well.Average word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#5 DystopianThis is a newer book genre thats really been picking up popularity within the last 5 to 10 years.Though many stories of this nature have been published prior, the term dystopian was recently coined to describe a book genre in which the current government or society has been destroyed and the book centers around the aftermath.The dystopian genre can also be used as a secondary genre label in order to clarify the contents of the book, much like with contemporary.For example, you can have a Dystopian Fantasy novel as well as a Dytopian Science Fiction novel.Here are some examples of dystopian novels:The Hunger GamesYoung WorldHandmaids TaleAverage word count for this book genre: 60,000 110,000#6 MysteryWeve all heard of the mystery book genres. Its an extremely popular genre, and for a good reason.This book genre is defined by the plot focusing on solving a mystery, most often with the mystery impacting the main character to the point where theyre the ones involved in solving it.Many other genres can have mysteries within them (in fact, most do), but what makes a book specific to this genre is the fact that the mystery is the main plot and point of the book.Writing a mystery novel requires the MOST planning of all the other genres in order to get the effect right.Click To TweetAverage word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#7 HorrorHorror novels are characterized by the fact that the main plot revolves around something scary and terrifying.Oftentimes, you can find that Horror and Thriller describe the same book, though well touch more on why thrillers are not always horror novels in the next section.Average word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#8 ThrillerIf youre writing a thriller novel, the book will focus around a high suspense and action-packed plot.This book genre most often deals with danger and dread instead, with high emotional impact involving fear.Here are some examples of popular thriller novels:The Girl With The Dragon TattooThe Woman in Cabin 10The ShiningItAverage word count for this book genre: 60,000 110,000#9 ParanormalParanormal books are characterized by including paranormal activity, like ghosts, clairvoyance, mediums, demons, vampires, and more.The difference between fantasy and paranormal is the elements within. Paranormal doesnt typically have magic like witches or fantasy-specific beings like unicorns, mermaids, and more.But the paranormal book genre includes a current or real-life setting and is not often set in another world, like fantasy sometimes can be.However, keep in mind that you can have a paranormal fantasy novel if your book covers both types of abnormal occurrences.Average wor d count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#10 Historical FictionThis book genre is exactly as it sounds: a fictional story that takes place in the past.Usually, historical fiction centers around known events or problems that take place in a time significantly prior to the present.Average word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#11 Science FictionSci-fi is among the most popular book genre there is. With movie adaptations like Star Wars and Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, this genre has exploded and is abundant in the book world.Science fiction novels are those that take place in a futuristic society with advanced technology and occasionally otherworldly beings.This is another genre that can add to another, like with Sci-Fi Fantasy, which would include a futuristic world with advanced technology and some sort of fantastical being or magic.The word count for this novel genre can be extensive depending on the storyline.Average word count for this book genre: 60,000 90,000#12 MemoirOn to the nonfiction writing portion of these book genres and first up is memoirs.When writing a memoir, youre essentially telling the reader about the most defining moments in your life that have led you to where you are and who you are today.Memoirs differ from autobiographies in the sense that an autobiography is more of a timeline of your life, events, and accomplishments whereas a memoir is more of a collection of the most significant moments, pulled together by a theme or message you wish to share with readers.Average word count for this book genre: 45,000 80,000 #13 CookbookYou already know what a cookbook is.Cookbooks are those featuring recipes and directions for making the dishes correctly. Not only that, but many cookbooks features stories about why the dish was created and the inspiration behind it.Average word count for this book genre: Cookbooks vary greatly and are more dependent on number of recipes instead of total words.#14 ArtThis book genre encompasses several different types of books. However, all of them require the same thing: a focus on something art-related.There are many ways a book can qualify to be in the art genre.Here are a few ways your book would be a part of the art genre:it covers art-factsit teaches specific art methodsit discusses are in detail (art history)art is a primary focus of the bookAverage word count for this book genre: 10,000 60,000#15 Self-help / Personal DevelopmentIf youre writing a book aimed to aid someone in their personal life, as well as lift them up to make positive change, its likely youre writing in the self-help or personal development book genre.Essentially, if your book helps others have a better life by empowering them, it will fall under this genre.Keep in mind, this book genre is one that encompasses many other genres as well. You can have a health self-help book in additional to a relationship self-help.Average word count for this book genre: 30,000 70,000#16 MotivationalThis book genre is on the rise significantly as of late. If you write in this genre, your book will center around empowering people to do whatever it is theyre struggling with.Essentially, motivational books focus on problems that can prevent people from accomplishing their goals and dreams, and how to solve them.Most often, motivational books can be lumped in with other book genres like health, fitness, business, and self-help.Average word count for this book genre: 30,000 70,000#17 HealthThe health book genre is vast and covers a wide variety of different topics.Your book will fall under this wide genre if it features anything health-related. This can be topics ranging from fitness, holistic healing, to more complex medical topics and in-depth coverage of different health conditions.Average word count for this book genre: 30,000 70,000#18 HistoryAny book covering historical facts of any kind would fall under this category. And since this is nonfiction, they all have to be accurate.Many history books are much different than what you might have read in school. In fact, there are several books simply covering different events in history written in a more entertaining fashion versus a factional play-by-play textbook.Those books still fall under this book category.ï » ¿Average word count for this book genre: 30,000 70,000#19 TravelWhether youre writing travel guides or an in-depth review of different travel destinations, this book genre will cover all of them.Your book would also fall under this genre if youre writing about travel-hacks or ways to travel for cheap or even free.Average word count for this book genre: 20,000 50,000#20 Guide / How-toThere are so many guide books and how-tos out there that its fairly easy to know if your book fits this genre.The way to know if your book falls in this genre is to think about the core purpose. Is your book written in order to show someone how to do something specific?The biggest giveaway is in the book title. If your ti tle features how to then its in this genre!Average word count for this book genre: 3,000 50,000#21 Families and RelationshipsYou can write a book about how to build a stronger familial foundation or a book about improving your relationship. Either way, those books would fall under this category.Oftentimes, books in this genre will fall under a smaller, more specified genre as well, like family bonding or romantic relationships or even fostering friendships.The relationships genre is not to be confused with the fiction romance genre.Average word count for this book genre: 30,000 50,000#22 HumorIf youve ever read a joke book or a book revolving around a humorous endeavor of some sort, it falls under this book category.Books in this genre are also often gag gifts or are meant to be facetious.Average word count for this book genre: 10,000 50,000Are you writing a book? Get ahead of the game here ↓If youre ready to take your idea to the next level, this training is where you s hould start so that you can get ahead of the game and set you (and your book!) up for success.

Have Information Systems Affected Competition Essay

Have Information Systems Affected Competition - Essay Example Helped by constant development and changes, information systems currently control the key operations in the business world from production, sales, processing and even marketing. However, it is important that any business intending to employ the use of this technology understand its implications in full, especially, its influence to output and resultant profits. When the issues are fully understood, organizations require tools to necessitate the implementation of the information systems technology. This should be in a manner that will enable them increase their strategy in competition within their market (Bogetoft & Olesen, 2000).   One way in which many organizations have viewed information systems over the years is through a pyramid that would show a certain hierarchy that is observed in the organizations. At the bottom are the systems involving transaction processing, systems used to manage information systems follows closely, above this are systems that support decision making a nd the highest ranked are the systems that are used to save executive information. This was the most rudimentary organization, yet the level of organization it brought to a company enabled it to grow and prosper than its competitors. In the recent contexts, there have been new technologies that have changed the basic framework to encompass the changes in the contemporary business environment. Some of the new improvements are enterprise systems, global information system (GIS), and enterprise planning using resource departments, data warehouses, global information systems (GIS) and the automation of offices (Neumann, 1994).   It is obvious that information systems have influenced the competition by companies over the past few years; this is seen from the fact that most managers have been forces to integrate the use of software technology in their offices, production and daily running of activities. This revolution has made the finance departments to be forced to locate funds to pur chase hardware used in managing information systems, training of these system’s personnel and encouraging capacity building through funding trainings and workshops. Some of the competitive advantages gained from the use of information systems are reduction in costs that are incurred when obtaining, transmitting and saving information within a firm and between different business groups (Armoni, 2000).   Information systems fall under the group of competitive systems. This is because it involves many services all of which have a contribution to how and when decisions will be made. In addition, information systems have the competitive advantage of enabling users to collect data from the primary resource center, and then analyze it on the spot using well defined pre-set programs. The systems of information will enable users to plan ahead of their competitors and know their intentions beforehand (Rainer & Cegielski, 2011).   In addition, fieldwork analysis will help the manage rs to know the changes that occur in the market, changes in customer requirements, how the structure of the industry has changed in such issues as social, physical, and the physical forces; this would be with the use of internet searches on the news sites. Furthermore, the continuous changes in technology within and outside the company’

Management Information and Communication System Essay - 2

Management Information and Communication System - Essay Example The accounting applications of the ES are the most significant merits of an ES in that there is integration of cost, profit, and revenue information of sales that are presentable through granular way (Shang and Seddon, n.y, p.1-3). The ES entails Enterprise Resource Planning that has significant impact on the manufacturing process. Additionally, the management is able to make better plans in the organization via the consolidated picture of inventory, sales, and receivables presented by the ES. The adoption of the ES results to a reduced inventory cost due to the incorporation of SCM, CRM and ERP concepts that aid in better planning, follow-up and forecasting of requirements. The ES considerably enhance improved interdepartmental communication and better employee performance because of proper sharing of information across all departments of an organization. The ES also serves as a barrier to the entry of redundant data and processes throughout the system as all systems are integrated in an organization. However, the Enterprise systems entail a lot of challenges and demerits. Disadvantages of Enterprise Systems There are problems associated with delivering flexibility that emanate from the ES manufacturing companies being forced to respond to fast changes in customer requirements and technology which subsequently leads to huge demands on the flexibility of supply chain systems. In addition, ES suffers software complexity issues. This is due to the increased configuration complexity where the hardware, operating system, database and storage, and applications are hard to operate. Another disadvantage attributes to the difficult in optimal servicing of the installed equipment base and the challenge... The researcher of the essay "Management Information and Communication System" description of enterprise systems. Also the researcher mentions their advantages and disadvantages. In the end the researcher describes supply chain management systems. Enterprise systems (ES) are large scale application-software packages that entail enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, customer relationship management (CRM) packages, and supply chain management (SCM) packages from vendors like Oracle, PeopleSoft, and SAP. Subject to their application, Enterprise Systems can significantly change the way an organization functions. Indeed, there are variant business advantages and disadvantages of the adoption of Enterprise systems in an organization setup. In conclusion, the author finds that enterprise systems have fundamental impact on the management of any organization. They are involved in organizational functions, processes, reporting, data analysis and information flows. Though they are more te chnical and costly, the benefits of enterprise systems supersede the demerits of enterprise systems upon adoption in an organization. On the other hand, supply-chain management systems draw a huge significance in the business environment. They relate to coordinate planning, production, and logistics with suppliers. Their application in the business generates numerous benefits to the reference business. However, Supply chain management systems do not apply universally in different businesses.

Counter Culture Essay Example for Free

Counter Culture Essay Introduction From a moral standpoint, social problems harm people and from a democratic standpoint, social problems harm the well-being of citizens. In addition to that, from a societal standpoint, social problems threaten the productive functioning of society. A social problem is said to exist to the extent that some malfunction is observed in society. This malfunction might be an inequality (e.g:with the same education and experience women earn only about 80% of what men earn in the labor force), a poor allocation of resources (e. g: poor environmental stewardship), violence (e.g: domestic violence, rape, violent crime), or an inefficient organizational system (e.g: too much or too little being spent on social services). The social evils that are plaguing our society today could hardly be catalogued, they are uncountable in the true sense of the assertion. Among the prominent social problems are the escalating crime waves , religious intolerance , disrespect for elders , laziness and lateness of duty , widespread of diseases , ostentatious spending, abortion, pre marital pregnancy, elope (run off secretly to be married and usually without the consent or knowledge of one’s parent), disciplinary problem, psychological problem, slow down development of the country, and alcohol consumption . These are the effects of our social problem among Malaysian youth. Sociologists can identify many aspects of society that might be considered to be social problems. It is the values held by the majority of citizens (in a democracy) that define what is a social problem (e.g:Is denial of same-sex marriages a problem?). Social problems are identified as such partly with respect to their perceived effect on the productive functioning of society. Social problems can be difficult to identify (e.g:What is the scientific evidence that same-sex marriages or the prohibition of them will harm society?). Sociologists use the consensus, conflict, and interactionist perspectives to examine these conditions of potential social problems. Risk Factors for Social Problems Risk factor is defined as a factor which increases the chances of social  problems beyond control. There are different risk factors for social problems among youth such as biological, psychological and social. Social risk factors include unemployment, disturbed family environment, unavailability of educational opportunities, availability of drugs in locality, law and order situation. Environmental/social risk factors are increasing the chances of using drugs among youth. A youngster who is disturbed because of his family environment will spend time out side of his home, sitting with friends who can offer him drugs. Handling peer pressure will be difficult for him, as a result, he will be ready to use drug. A youngster deprived of educational opportunities and economic resources may be at great risk of using drugs. His disappointment from social problems will produce images of drugs in his mind as the suitable source of getting rid of his problems. Easy availability of drugs/substance in his locality will further serve to increase his craving for drugs. Also the principal and behavioural factors linked with youth violence are hypersensitivity, impulsiveness, poor behavioural control, attention problems, history of early aggressive behaviour and low educational achievement. Associating with delinquent peers has also been linked to violence in young people. Gangs and a local supply of guns and drugs are a potent mixture, increasing the likelihood of youth violence. Low level of social cohesion within community has been linked to higher rates social problems. Cultures that do not provide non-violent alternatives for resolving conflicts appear to have higher rates of social problems too. For most young people, the offending behaviour is part of growing up, of testing the limits, of taking risks, of asserting their independence. It may also be an indication of boredom and the absence of anything useful or meaningful to do. It may be a reflection of that awkward stage of life where one feels grown up but not able to participate fully in the world of adults. Generally, the offenses that they commit are relatively minor and decrease in frequency as they grow older, mature and find a way to participate in and contribute to society. Ways to overcome social problems The role of parents is crucial in giving serious attention to their children. Parents must consider the movements of their children. Parents should always know and identify the problems faced by their children and are willing to take the time to solve the problem. Parents also should know their child’s friends and always make sure their children make friends and socialize with those who have well in morally. In addition parents must spend part of daily time with children by giving them confidence, courage, creating positive attitudes towards issues, emotions and decisions. Another common set of prevention strategies addressing youth violence focuses on early intervention with children and families. Such programmes provide parents with information about child development and teach them how to effectively discipline, monitor and supervise children, as well as how to manage family conflict and improve communication. Parent and family -based interventions are among the most promis ing strategies for producing long-term reductions in youth violence. 2. Academic approach. This can be done by adding activities based on academic and semi-academics activities such as extra-curricular in schools. Similarly, the changes in teaching techniques such as use of computer, video, audio-visual aid equipment and techniques of teaching outside the classroom should be implemented. 3. Establishing legal system in the school. Provisions in the law school could create fear among students, in addition to reducing the burden and responsibility of the school and the parents in monitoring discipline. 4. Law enforcement authorities like the police. Jurisdiction of the existing police should be used by school administrators in the discipline of students. The administrator shall take the opportunity to refer their student’s problems to police. 5. Preventive measures should be held as appropriate counselling at school level. Counselling at school level is important in helping teenagers overcome their problems. This program will be more meaningful i f the counsellors are qualified and experienced elected. 6. Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) should play an important role more frequent meetings between parents, guardians and teachers should be held  especially for students that influenced in social problems. Parents should discuss student’s problem with teacher and get ready to receive and advice from a teacher with an open and positive attitude. If one considers that ultimately we are concerned with the healthy development of adolescents in transition to adulthood, we must be concerned with the issues that impede or impact on such transitions. Transition to adulthood includes simultaneous transitions across several domains including post-secondary education or other work preparation training, labour force participation (or unemployment) independent living, marriage or cohabitation, and community living. Transition success is affected by many factors including personal characteristics, gender, family influences, exposure to role models, economic status, cultural influence s, and the economic viability of the community in which the person functions. We also be mindful of the fact that adolescence occurs in a context with such factors as race, ethnicity, cultural customs, language, social views and practices, sexual orientation and physical or learning disabilities all combining to make the transition experiences of some adolescents very different from others. While there has been a fair amount of work done on identifying risk factors that, if present, may increase the likelihood of a young persons involvement in crime or other negative behaviour problems, there has also been some work done on the development of programs that build on the enhancement of protective factors which may reduce the effects of exposure to risk factors and thus lower the chances a youth will develop serious anti-social or other behaviour problems or become a victim.. Protective factors may also divide into: (1) Individual characteristics (i.e. high IQ, high level of resilience and flexibility and a positive social attitude); (2) Social bonds ( notably warm, supportive and affective   relationships with parents and other adults); and (3) Social support including positive social skills and socially acceptable pattern of behavioural norms. Possession of problem-solving, Life and communication skills. Sociability, Resilient personality or temperament A sense of belonging, secure attachments to positive parent(s) or family Positive relations with â€Å"pro social† peers Access to other caring supportive adults Appropriate discipline Limit-setting and structure from parents, Opportunities to experience success and build self esteem In the context of transitions from adolescence to healthy adulthood, it is important to consider the notion of resilience as a young persons ability to cope in the presence of major stress or risk factors. They go on to suggest that resilience is a source of strength in young people created or nurtured by caring and effective parents or other adult caregivers, positive learning environments in schools and access to community resources. What is the value of having an assessment to identify potential risks and needs of young offenders? By objectively identifying young persons who pose a higher risk of re-offending and the program interventions that are needed Assessments allow for a potentially more efficient and effective use of resources More objective and consistent decision making Establishing a baseline for monitoring a young offender’s progress Periodic reassessment of rehabilitative effectiveness Appropriate targeting of program intervention to address the social problems factors associated with offending (risk-needs assessment) such as: Use of appropriate modes of intervention based on social learning principles A multiplicity of available interventions to address differing individual needs Consistent application of interventions to ensure program integrity Quality assurance of program design and delivery including training and recruiting appropriate staff Strong theoretical base or mission for the program We should be careful not to suggest that a program has not been successful if a young person re-offends. While rehabilitative programs are designed with a goal of reducing recidivism, it is essential that other forms of program success are included in the mix and not totally rely on measures of recidivism to determine success. We can reduce occasional or temporary  offending by young people by helping them deal with the stress associated with the turbulence of adolescence and finding ways of involving young people in useful and meaningful activities. Educational and recreational activities to which all have equal access and which are designed on the basis of the varied needs and interests of young people are important. Access to social services can help some young people and their families deal with problems which may underlie the offending behaviour. Given what we know about the correlation between poverty, mental health and opportunities, the economic security of young people and their families should also be a priority. These measures are all primary prevention strategies ways of creating healthier and ultimately safer communities. Conclusion Though social problems are recurrent issues in many societies all over the world, they can be predetermined and controlled by use of social studies. When we think of the many settings that have evolved over time, it becomes apparent that there can never be a permanent solution to these social problems. Governments in affected regions try to curb socially unacceptable behaviour by regulating wealth and economy for citizens, thereby ensuring that money distribution is constant and fluent enough to avoid situations where some feel exploited. More measures can be taken to avoid socially unacceptable behaviour like crime and drug use, thereby maintaining law and order in society. Society is the place where young generations are brought up and nurtured for future. If social problems are left to come up and establish themselves, the upcoming generations would grow up to become savage and barbaric citizen, destroying civilization that was once prosperous.

Women Characters in My Antonia and Giants in the Earth :: Willa Cather O.E. Rolvaag

Women Characters in My Antonia and Giants in the Earth Many women characters appear in fiction who have been damaged by or disintegrate under the stresses of life. Just as in life, however, many fictional characters survive, adapt, and triumph; these characters may never be recognized within a larger world, but they are vitally important to other characters and are the objects of deep love and respect. Creating this woman in fiction can often be difficult, because the writer must present a whole character, not one trivialized by sentimentality or stereotyped by convention. Willa Cather in My Antonia and O.E. Rolvaag in Giants in the Earth have developed such characters. As Michael Peterman points out, Antonia is "a celebration of vitality and of human potential within the context of natural and mortal limitations" and teaches us to "value the irrepressible, genuinely generous, life enhancing aspects of human nature" (98). Antonia also shares these characteristics to a large degree with another fictional character, Rolvaag's Sorine from Giants. Both women emerge as people of great strength, women who are touchstones for those around them. Before considering the similarities, it might be well to review the apparent differences between Sorine and Antonia. In the first place, there are differences in their style. Sorine appears to be a conventional, Old World peasant woman fulfilling conventional roles: devoted mother and loyal wife, helping her husband achieve his dream. Furthermore, we see her only as a mature woman. In contrast, because we follow Antonia's development to maturity and centeredness, we see sides of her life which we can only speculate about in comparing her to Sorine. For example, Antonia works first as a boy might in her family's fields. Then she is brought into town to learn more "proper" roles--housekeeping skills. In town she gives herself to the social pleasures denied her thus far in life and eventually falls prey to the blandishments of an unprincipled charmer. When that relationship ends disastrously, she makes a new life for herself, marrying and happily raising a large family. At this point she is clearly important, not only to the narrator, Jim Burden, but also to many others. Life's path may have been different for her than for Sorine, but its destination was the same: the esteem, admiration, and love of those she held dear .

International Financial System Essay

There are some assumptions that the United States faces different economic â€Å"reality† than the rest of the world. The speech given by Governor R. S. Kroszner given on September 1, 2008 is about the United States in the International Financial System. He argued â€Å"against the decoupling hypothesis† and talked about the â€Å"two puzzles in the international financial accounts† of the United States. The situation with the housing slowdown in the United States in the summer of 2007 affected also European money markets. It became harder to sell the houses for their original prices. â€Å"Then turmoil emerged in financial systems around the world in the late summer of 2007. † The mortgages taken in the United States were backed with another loans like car loans or student loans and then reinvested again. A lot of foreign investors bought those securities that created difficulties in money markets in Europe. At the beginning of 2008, the financial system in the United States weakened the growth of gross domestic product and affected many emerging markets economies, reducing their growth and prospects for growth. Stock market declined sharply. The food and energy prices increased, and it created a concern of inflation. In other words, Governor wants to show that there is a connection between economies of different countries. It appears that a shock of one country is affecting the economy of many others. According to him, â€Å"the global economy remains closely connected by both trade and financial linkages. † He summed up in short that â€Å"one country’s imports are another’s exports. † The weakness in one economy affects the demand for the imported products that are the stimulus for the economy of the other country which exports these products. Financial account which consists of purchases and sales of assets is a major account. â€Å"Global Financial linkages include not only the net international investment positions but also the sizes of gross cross-border claims and liabilities positions. † There are enormous investments made by US residents and by foreigners. According to Kroszner, â€Å"US liabilities to foreigners totaled more than $20 trillion, exceeding $140 percent of US GDP. US claims on foreigners totaled $17. 5 trillion, roughly 130 percent of US GDP. † This statistics reveled by the FED stuff, indicates that there is a financial linkage between the countries around the world. As a result, â€Å"more than two-third of U. S. liabilities are in the form of debt instruments, while half of U. S. claims are in equity securities and direct investment. † In other words, foreign investors find attractive U. S. markets because of many factors like the Rule of Law, social and political stability, the respect for private property, the uniform commercial code with the court system that can help to resolve disputes, the reliable open market, the safety and soundness of banking system, and finally the transparency in pricing of securities. The next point of the Governor’s speech is about two puzzles. There is an assumption that the United States has the unknown ways to have the higher returns on its investments. The U. S. residents have income of $90 billions more than the foreign investors on their investments in the United States. According to the governor, â€Å"the answer lies in the returns, composition, and size of U. S. claims and liabilities. The return received on U. S. direct investment claims on the rest of the world is much larger than paid by U. S. on its direct investment liabilities to the rest of the world or any other assets. † In short, direct investment appears to be a greater share of U. S. claims than it is of U. S. liabilities. Moreover, the United States is not the only country that has a positive net investment income. United Kingdom has also a larger difference in the rate of return on direct investment claims and liabilities comparing to other countries. This fact proves that the U. S. residents allocate their investments with a greater risk premium and make more physical investments in other countries. Kroszner suggested that difference of $90 billion can be partially explained also by favorable tax laws that â€Å"reduce their overall tax burden† on their direct investments in other countries. Another puzzle was about the U. S. ability to borrow on better terms than the other countries do in order to finance their ‘external deficit. † The United States has huge account deficits over $3. 8 trillion. To finance the deficit U. S. needs to borrow abroad. According to the governor, â€Å"U. S. net liabilities increased by only $600 billion, which is $3. 2 trillion less than the cumulated current account deficits. About $2. 4 trillion of this amount is because of valuation adjustments (capital gains) favoring us claims. † The adjustments constantly occur because of the changes in asset prices and the U. S. currency which is considered to be the major medium of exchange on the market, about 66%. Besides the fact that the United States has the deficit since 1980s, the foreigners are still willing to invest in U. S. market. They can find it more attractive if the United States has the higher real interest. They observe such relative facts like the real sustainable economic growth, the relative inflation rates, and Purchasing Power Parity in the long-run exchange rates. They might also choose to invest in certain securities because of personal preferences and tastes. All these facts influence their decision making to invest in the U. S. market, but the key to resolve the second puzzle lies in differences in portfolio returns, composition, and size. â€Å"Most U. S. liabilities are debt securities, which realize small capital gains, while a large fraction of U. S. claims on the rest of the world are equity securities, which realize much larger capital gains. † In other words, the U. S. residents are taking more risk when invest in the new emerged markets while the foreign investors make safe decisions to invest in the U. S. securities with lower risk and lower return like U. S. bond and bills. Because of global trading and financial linkages, all the countries are bounded together.

Legalizing Recreational Drugs

A recreational drug is categorized as any substance with pharmacologic effects that is either taken voluntarily for personal pleasure, or for satisfaction rather than for medicinal purposes such as cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy. These types of drugs are easily found and are used by more than 22 million Americans ages 12 and older; nearly nine percent of the U. S. population. If these types of drugs were to be made legal, a positive change in the economy would be the ultimate outcome.In 1961, the United Nations implemented an international treaty that limited drug roduction and trafficking. The â€Å"war on drugs†, a term that was created by Richard Nixon a decade later, in reference to said treaty, has been going on for over fifty years now. The original objective of the â€Å"war on drugs† was to expel all recreational drugs from the country; making all of them illegal. However Just like prohibition in 1920, the establishment of these laws were to save the nation from the problems the substance(s) created.However, also like the prohibition of 1920, the laws only served o create and support organized crime and has done little to effect the public's usage of the substance(s). The U. S. currently has the highest incarceration rate in the world. The bulk of those imprisoned are due to drug-related crimes. The illegal drug trade has been introducing children and teens toa life of crime. They notice that the minimum wages they would legally receive from their unskilled labor at the local Burger King, is far from what they could earn buying and selling illegal drugs.By the time children nd teenagers leave high school, most of these students have committed a criminal act by using recreational drugs. These drugs are used every day and widely available, people see â€Å"breaking the law' as nothing more than playful mischief; therefore, undermining our laws authority. In contrast to the spiraling ineffectiveness of the U. S. government's original approac h to controlling the issue of recreational drugs, other countries like New Zealand and Ireland have taken on a new outlook on the matter.Instead of outlawing he use of recreational drugs, they have decided to do extensive research on these drugs, in effect making sure that they are safe for the public's consumption. They are conducting clinical tests to prove that their products are safe; Just like new medicine would be tested in the market. If our government would go along with this new radical movement and legalized recreational drugs, like these other countries, they would no longer have a â€Å"war on drugs†. The money spent on inmates in Jails would be greatly reduced since we are not arresting people for drug use.Police can use the time currently monopolized on getting drugs off the street for other, more pressing crimes. Schools could teach their students about wise drug usage instead of implementing scare tactics. Tactics such as videos and statistics about drug abuse and its consequences that will only tell you to never purchase or use them are simply in effective; that Just leads to ignorant abuse in the future. All legalized drugs can be sold by trust worthy companies instead of fellow schoolmates or sketchy street dealers.These drugs can be bought legally, by someone of government consented age, in proper packages witn appropriate warning labels; similar to the way that cigarettes and alcohol are. In conclusion, legalizing recreational drugs goes far beyond â€Å"right and wrong† if you look at the issue in a practical manner. The problem of illegal recreational drugs has only been increasing with time. The current policies in place are Just not working. A new, radical approach could be the ultimate solution to the U. S. government's uphill battle. After all, the legalizing has already begun, hasn't it?

Ratio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Paper

Ratio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Paper The business world uses risk analysis to aid in determining the health and viability of a given company. While risk ratio analysis alone does not provide concrete answers about the health and viability of a company, it can raise important questions that will help determine where the company stands in its industry. There are four types of financial ratios used in financial ratio analysis."Leverage ratios show how heavily the company is in debt; liquidity ratios measure how easily the firm can lay its hands on cash; efficiency or turnover ratios measure how productively the firm is using its assets; and profitability ratios are used to measure the firm's return on its investment" (Brealey, Myers, Marcus, 2004).The two companies reviewed by this learning team are Google and Yahoo. Thesecompanies are found in the technology sector of the business world under the industry category of Internet Information Providers. Comparing the two most recent fiscal years 2004 and 2005, both companies h ad a high return on its investment.Screenshot of Yahoo! search results for "Miserable...In the years 2004/2005, Yahoo's operating profit margin was 33% and 48% respectively, while Google's was 20% and 35% respectively. The return on equity for Yahoo was 12% and 22% respectively, and Google was 14% and 16% percent respectively. It is not entirely clear what these numbers tell us but companies sell "information," meaning their product does not require a great deal of capital for product inventory in order to generate revenue. Although both companies realized profit margin gains in 2004 and 2005, Yahoo's profit margin was larger and their return on equity was higher than that of Google.The total asset turnover shows that for every dollar of asset produced in 2004 and 2005, only .39 and .49 of sales were generated for Yahoo, and .96 and .60 for Google. This could...

Narrative, Plot, and Story

Narrative, Plot, and Story Narrative, Plot, and Story Narrative, Plot, and Story By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between narrative, plot, and story? Not much, but enough that it matters. Here are the distinctions, explained with aids of analogy, plus some details: Narrative is the structure of events the architecture of the story, comparable to the design of a building. Story is the sequence of events, the order in which the narrative occurs the tour through the building. Plot is the sum of the events, told not necessarily in sequential order, but generally consistent with the story and often considered synonymous with the narrative the building itself. But these similar and even overlapping components of composition are further affected by the narrative mode the techniques the author employs to tell the story. Among these strategies are narrative point of view and narrative voice. Narrative Point of View A first-person narrator relates the story by using the pronoun I (or, rarely, if two or more narrators are telling the story simultaneously, we). This device enables the reader to know the narrator’s internal thoughts and feelings as well. This narrative style may indicate that the narrator may or may not consciously be aware of a reading audience. Also, the first-person narrator is not necessarily the main character, or even central to the story. Second-person narrative, rare in literature, is that in which the narrator refers to a character as â€Å"you.† The most frequent mode, third-person narrative, involves reference to characters as â€Å"he,† â€Å"she,† â€Å"they,† or â€Å"it.† Variety is achieved by the author’s decision to narrate subjectively, revealing characters’ thoughts and feelings, or objectively, without internal insight into any of the characters, as well as choice of omniscient or limited point of view: The author either knows all that is occurring in the story or is restricted to sharing only what is known to the focal character. Narrative point of view can vary within the same story, either by section or chapter or even within the same passage. Narrative Voice Narrative voice is the style in which the narrative is presented for example, a character’s recounting of events, or a privileged window into the character’s thoughts and feelings. A narrator may be a participant, a character in the story who describes events, or a nonparticipant, an objective (but not necessarily accurate) observer who is not integrated into the story. Another technique is to feature an unreliable narrator, one whose narrative is initially or ultimately suspect because it contradicts what the reader learns from nonnarrated exposition or other points of view. For instance, in the Japanese film Rashomon, based on two short stories, four characters give conflicting accounts of an event. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the title character’s naivetà ©, a plot device enabling author Mark Twain to demonstrate his gift for social satire, makes him an unreliable narrator. Note that narrative applies to nonfiction as well as fiction, and even plot and story have a place in nonfiction, as reporters and authors often manipulate an account by constructing a narrative more sophisticated than the who, what, when, where, and why formula of traditional journalism. There’s even a term for this approach: creative nonfiction. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguagePeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindDozen: Singular or Plural?

Models for EBP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models for EBP - Essay Example According to Hulme (2008), the validation process helps in the determination of the credibility of the information obtained from any research carried out. The most essential requirement prior to the development of Stetler model is the compliance to the pre-set rules and regulations governing the organization. This is because these standards boost quality in service delivery and discipline in the sector. In addition, this compliance creates confidence of the stakeholders, in the organization fraternity because of the quality of service in the organization and the involvement of the organization in the assessment of the compliance of the sector to the set standards. Organizations undergo programs tailored at offering proper training in order to have delivery of quality service. Therefore, these programs include the master plan of evaluation in the training. This is because this plan acquaints organizations with the necessary information regarding a firm’s goals. For, instance, it highlights the areas of the faculty that need evaluation. This includes methods to be employed in the evaluation. The kinds of people to participate in the process are anchored in the plan. The action plans required to give feedback on the various inferences made with regard to boosting the quality in organizational service delivery. In addition, the Stetler model helps in the assessment of the proposal for funds for various projects, and it also helps in the submissions of research reports and the normal assessment reports. The evaluation is important in the total quality management, the benchmarking, the restructuring and the continuous improvement of the quality of the master plan of organizational performance (Hulme, 2008). It acts as a source of primary data for internal reviewing of the efficiency of an organization. This is aimed at boosting quality in delivery of service and prompt response to non-value adding roles. This evaluation is necessary in the benchmarking

Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Memo - Case Study Example Some methodological issues of CBA have not been entirely resolved even now, but the essential presented in the subsequent are well proven. One of the shortcomings of CBA is that the evaluation of many components of benefits and costs are intuitively obvious but that there exist other methods for which intuition fails to suggest methods of measurement. Therefore, some important principles are needed as a guide (Pohl & Mihaljek, 1992). Since the enactment of the devolution agenda, Arapahoe County has been experiencing problems in the personnel based expenditures. The assessment of this Countys expenditure would lead the ease in the distribution of these given expenditures. However, inevitably would to otherwise but difficulties in the distribution of the expenditure. According to reports the escalation rate of health is 8% but without the heath personnel in place it is 3.5%. In the cost benefit computation area, the one-time costs differ in the relation to the description and the quantity. As for the HR charges set up pilot, each person gets a unit cost of 7500 and the participants retirement is 10000 each. The recurring costs: The base stipend differs from year to year, and it is always growing from year one to year 5. As the base stipend, the ACA penalty also increases consistently from tear one to year five with its transaction year unit cost being $ 2,000 and the operational year unit cost being $3000. The recurring saving: the retirement benefit’s transition year unit saving is $ 2,664 and operational year unit saving is $ 5,327 and the development increases yearly. The health care savings transition year saving is $ 3,411 and the operational year unit savings is $ 6,821 and the development increases year after year. The cost /benefits adjusted for the time value of money has a discount factor growth that is

International Marketing (Qasim) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Marketing (Qasim) - Essay Example The key products offered in Subway include: custom sub sandwiches, salads, soft drinks and some other food items (Ibis Report 2013). Company’s rational behind internationalization The company’s strategy is based on the aggressive international expansion worldwide. Internationalization decision is mainly based on the business growth opportunities offered by rapidly growing markets. Subway will continue to expand internationally, especially in emerging economies as it is likely to be the largest source of profit and revenue growth (Ibis Report 2013). Today, these markets include markets not yet saturated with fast food brands (Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, China, India (Fertman n.d.). Mode of entry-selection of market entry strategy to enter into various countries Subway restaurants chain has chosen franchising option as a mode of entry strategy for starting business in various countries. Initially, the Subway chain did not even select new countries to expand into, as entrepreneurs from these countries contacted Subway (Welch et al, 2008). The original foreign entry in 1986 had a following typical format: individual entrepreneurs contacted the restaurants chain from a country where there were no Subway locations, and then the development team worked together with the entrepreneur, providing assistance in opening a franchise restaurant under Subway brand (Welch et al, 2008, 61). Thus, the company transferred the method of operation to the franchisee and had a much greater degree of control over its marketing efforts in a foreign market (Lecture notes). However, nowadays, Subway is also searching actively for new markets. Business Development department of Subway determines which markets would be appropriate to entry by evaluating a number of factors, including: the cost of doing business, the GDP, fast-food development and some others, etc. By operating as a franchising chain, Subway as a franchisor experiences less risks and is capable t o penetrate various markets very rapidly. Besides the obvious benefits and advantages of the franchise concept, Subway is imposed to certain risks as well. The value of the brand, either increasing or decreasing will have effect on the franchisee competitiveness. Franchisee of Subway has a number of responsibilities, including: initial franchising fee, finding locations, hiring employees and operating restaurants, leasehold improvements and equipment and paying a fee into the advertising fund and 8% royalty to the company (Subway Global Brochure 2013, 4). Subway also has certain responsibilities, such as: providing access to operational systems, guidance on store design and equipment ordering, operations manual, training program, R&D, ongoing support and periodic audits, and informative publications (Subway Global Brochure 2013, 4). The marketing mix strategies adopted by the company There are recognized several key elements of international marketing mix, including: product support , price support, promotion/selling support, inventory support, distribution support, service support, and financial support (Lecture notes). Below are briefly evaluated all these elements with a reference to Subway restaurants chain. Product support. Even though the product line and customer service are standardized among all Subway restaurants as it is common for any franchising chain, there are cultural and local eating habits in particular country that require adaptation

The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay

The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay After analyzing the case study, we can conclude that strategically relevant components of the global and U.S beverage industry macro environment are the rapid growth of the product inclusive of high profit margin and premium pricing of alternative beverage. Each group demands for different types of alternative beverages which divide the global market into various types of products such as energy drink, sports drink, relaxation drinks. In the year of 2009, the US drink data was accounted of sport drink at sixty percent, vitamins enriched drinks and energy drinks about twenty three percent and alternative beverage sales at eighteen percent. In the context, when consumers are focusing on reducing the consumption of carbonated soft drink, alternative beverages are the medium of the soft drinks companies to maintain the sales volume growth as well as furnishing to different demographics. The number of sales of the drinks depends on the demand of the group for example children prefer juice drink, adults to energy shots, athletes to the vitamins enhanced drinks. This all demand differs alternative beverages from the usual carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drink. Now, alternative beverages offer variety of products which consumers could consume for different activities. 2. What is the competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is the weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? Innovation is the vital source of creating the competition in the globalised market and alternative beverages are facing competition on the basis of differentiation from the traditional drink or the fruit juices. Alternative beverages are inclusive of vitamin enriched drinks, energy boosting drinks, sport drinks etc. and to develop the brand loyalty it totally relies on the test, properties and ingredients of the drink. To meet with the competing company works on the advertisement, brand name, nutritional properties, packaging and unique flavors. The PepsiCo and the Coco Cola having a big market share and their products have a strong presence on the consumers and the production of alternative beverages is very easy job for them. This action can dominate such channels of the alternative beverages. Therefore, from all the five competitive forces, strongest is the action of the firm which is already providing a variety of drink products. However, the weakest competitive force is the bargaining power which is exercised by the buyers only. At the time when alternative beverages were introduced company use to sell it at the high price and customers pay for it and now if customers are willing to pay a higher price for the product company will have to sell it on the same price. The established companies seem to have a greater effect on the new entrants like PepsiCo and coco cola because they already have a huge number of loyal customers that follows their brand. If they introduce a new product in contradiction to the new entrants, customers more willingly adopt their products more than the new company. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? Customers are becoming more health conscious and they are aware about the positive and negative effects of the drinks. Therefore they reduced their consumption of the alternative beverages which slow down the demand and sales of the product. Due to recession customers are becoming more money conscious and spending very less in the alternative beverage and it indicates that the market becomes mature and there is no scope for longer growing. Change in the product innovation, long term growth rate and industry consolidation are the driving force of the alternative beverages. The second forces segmented with the alternative beverage industries have consolidated as the market has matured and leaders have been established for example in the year of 2010, Coco Cola controlled the Red Bull GmbH and Henson natural corporation. However, the individually or collective effect of the industry driver of change is likely to make the alternative beverage companies less attractive until and unless such companies gain a first mover advantage. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drink, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? Strategic group map of the energy drink, sport drink and vitamin-enhanced beverages shows that companies are competing in the scope of brand portfolio favor and geographical distribution. It indicates that the company which is competing globally and having broad brand portfolios is positioned well in the market. However, companies which are working regionally and on national distribution only or having a single brand seems to be the worst position in the industry. As per the case analysis PepsiCo and Coco cola are in the best position due to having a wide range of products and Red Bull considered as being in the worst position as they are having a low variety of products. 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The following key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers. The test should be appealing and unique to the customers. Advertising and Promotions in such an effective way that spread awareness about the products and can establish the brand image. Access to the distribution of the product in order to achieve good sales volume and market share. An innovating Product skill which can differentiate the alternative beverage from the traditional drinks. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? To PepsiCo? To Red Bull GmbH? According to the case, Coco- Cola should research the country and conclude about the test, customer preference and demand than introduce the product in the market. They should try and introduce new flavors also and should discontinue the non preferable and profitable products. PepsiCo has largest market share in the US as well as in the global market. In the case study it mentioned that PepsiCo had introduced alternative drinks blood shot, charge, defend and rebuild but customers are not aware about this product. Therefore, PepsiCo should enhance their marketing and promotional activities. PepsiCo could also try for more energy drinks. Red Bull GmbH should improve their strategy to increase their market share. As red bull is a very popular flavor therefore they should introduce more flavors instead of focusing on one flavor. They should enhance their water line drinks or sport line drinks. The company can research the market requirement and can develop a new line of products to become competitive in the market.